5 Fascinating Facts about Ethiopia’s Unique Language

Ethiopia Language

Ethiopia, located on the “roof of Africa,” has a civilization history of more than 3,000 years. Since the establishment of the Nubian Kingdom in the 8th century BC and the establishment of the Aksum Kingdom after the BC, it has gone through the Zag Dynasty and the Abyssinian Kingdom, as well as later divisions. Unity and unification. Ethiopia is most proud that its army defeated European troops at the Battle of Adova in 1896. It is the only country in Africa that has not become a European colony. Therefore, it is often said that Ethiopia’s borders are “real” by warriors. of spears and machetes.”

Ethiopia has one of the unique languages in the world, and learning some facts about the language will make you appreciate it even more. Here are five interesting facts about Ethiopia’s unique language in heart languages that will astound you. Ethiopian languages are classified into four major language groups. Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilo-Saharan are the languages involved. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is the medium of instruction in secondary schools and universities.

Standard Amharic is the Official Language

Amharic is a Semitic language closely related to Hebrew and Arabic, with around 20 million native speakers in Ethiopia. Most linguists classify it as a Northern (or Ethiopic) Ethiopian Semitic language, though others argue it is Southern, Central, or Transitional Amharic. In any case, Amharic has been an official working language of Ethiopia since 1992.

Amharic has many dialects.

There are seven major dialects of Amharic, one spoken in each of the major regions. The number of total speakers is decreasing. There has been a decline in the last three years from 29 million to 27 million, which is predicted to continue for several more years.

There are different types of native languages spoken.

Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromiffo, and Somali. They are all spoken by members of their ethnic groups. Amharic is used throughout government in schools and radio stations. It’s estimated that there are 75 million Ethiopian speakers worldwide. It’s a Semitic language that originated from Ge’ez or ancient Egyptian in around the 3rd century BC. The Ethio-Semitic language means it has words from both Semitic and Indo-European languages.

Ethiopians learn English starting at age 6

Ethiopian schools teach English, and officials use it for all communications. Although most Ethiopians can speak Amharic—the country’s national language—and their local dialects, many younger and older generations often understand English more clearly. Additionally, many of Ethiopia’s major newspapers publish articles in English, making it an excellent way to expand your perspective on government, business, and culture.

English is taught as a second language from elementary school onwards.

In addition to Amharic, schools require students to study English as a compulsory subject in primary and secondary education, and Ethiopians commonly use English in business. As a former British colony, Ethiopians have spoken English for more than one hundred years, and many other languages show its influence.
Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromo, Somali and Arabic are all influenced by English words or expressions borrowed from that language. The same can be said for French and Italian regarding their use of those two languages.

How many languages ​​are there in Ethiopia?

Language is a fascinating topic in Ethiopia. This is a detail I’ve been exploring lately, so writing about my findings seemed like an excellent way to share my language journey. Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa. It shares borders with Somalia, Somaliland, Djibouti, Kenya, Eritrea, Sudan, and South Sudan, so many languages ​​and dialects flow in and out of these countries.

According to Ethnologue, Ethiopia boasts a diverse array of languages. Specifically, among these, 41 languages qualify as institutional languages, 14 serve as development languages, and 18 are recognized as vital languages. Furthermore, eight additional languages in Ethiopia are on the verge of extinction, while five are nearing that status.
For example, according to UNESCO, in 2012, only 12 seniors in Ungota in southwestern Ethiopia were native speakers of Ungota (speakers of Ungota switched to Tasmai).

Ethiopian language tree

Ethiopia is the second-most populous country in Africa and has a fascinating linguistic diversity. Generally speaking, Ethiopian languages ​​can be grouped into four major groups, although the country also has several unclassified languages. The four main language groups in Ethiopia are Semitic, Cushion, Omot, and Nilo-Saharan languages. They fit into two broader groupings of language family trees.

Afro-Asiatic languages ​​in Ethiopia

The non-Asian languages ​​in the Ethiopian language family include the country’s Semitic and Cushion languages, as well as Omotic. However, there is some debate about the latter classification of Ethiopian history.

The Semitic languages ​​of Ethiopia include:

• Adarigna
• Amharigna
• Argobba
• Birale
• Gafat
• Ge’ez
• Guragigna
• Chaha languages ​​including Chaha, Muher, Ezha, Gumer, and Gura
• Inor Group languages ​​including Inor, Enner, Endeggna, Gyeto, and Mesemes
• Silt’e languages, including Silt’e, Ulbareg, Enneqor, and Walane
• Soddo languages, including Soddo, Gogot, and Galila
• Tigrinya
• Zay

The written form used by these Semitic languages ​​spoken in Ethiopia is Ge’ez. This script is unique to Ethiopia. It has 33 letters, each representing seven characters, for a total of 231 characters, providing a ton of fun for anyone who wants to learn the Ethiopian language using it. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afro-Asian languages, especially of the Cushitic languages and Semitic branches.

Many Ethiopian languages ​​belong to the cushion language family. it includes:

• Afarigna
• Agewigna
• Alaba
• Arbore
• Awngi
• Baiso
• Bourgui

Speakers in many parts of Africa, including Ethiopia, use Omotic languages. These languages feature a completely glued structure and complex tonal systems. While most linguists consider the Omotic languages non-Asian, some believe they should receive classification as a separate language family. Ethiopia’s Mao language is at the center of the debate surrounding the classification of the Omo languages. In addition to the local, indigenous languages of Ethiopia, the most common foreign language is English.

Extinct Language

As in many countries in Africa and worldwide, Ethiopia has lost many languages ​​over time. For example, Weyto is thought to have been spoken by hippo hunters in Ethiopia’s Lake Tana region, while Rer Bare was spoken along the Shabelle River. These languages ​​were eradicated due to the spread of Amharic and Somali (in the case of Rer Bare).

Imported Language

Unlike many African countries that colonial rule heavily influenced linguistically, Ethiopia never experienced colonization. Despite this, some foreign languages ​​are still used in the country.

Political History

Nevertheless, understanding the political history of the last century remains essential, as these hardships have influenced Ethiopian society and shaped its current circumstances. In 1974, a coup overthrew Ethiopia’s final emperor, Haile Selassie. Today, Ethiopia’s political history may still present a sensitive issue, particularly for those who experienced displacement.

In this way, Ethiopians often express disappointment or dismay that most Western perceptions of their country focus on these humanitarian crises. The Ethiopian government owns and operates a privately owned media conglomerate.
Many humanitarian organizations work in Ethiopia. This is a marked change to the language policies of previous governments in Ethiopia.

Frequently Asked Questions